Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

12.3K
The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can...
12.3K
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

6.2K
The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA...
6.2K
RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

33.6K
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
33.6K
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

63.9K
Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
63.9K
Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

Lysosomal Hydrolases

3.8K
Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
3.8K
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

13.2K
Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
13.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Engineering Coenzyme Specificity of Formate Dehydrogenases: The Role of Amino Acid Residues at Positions 379 and 380.

Biochemistry. Biokhimiia·2026
Same author

Application of D-Amino Acid Oxidase (DAAO) in Bioanalytics.

Biochemistry. Biokhimiia·2026
Same author

Structure-Functional Examination of Cysteine Synthase A (CysK) from <i>Limosilactobacillus reuteri</i> LR1.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Development of the Efficient Electroporation Protocol for <i>Leuconostoc mesenteroides</i>.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

Cysteine Synthase: A Key Enzyme of Cysteine Biosynthetic Pathway.

Biochemistry. Biokhimiia·2025
Same author

Advances in Genetic Transformation of Lactic Acid Bacteria: Overcoming Barriers and Enhancing Plasmid Tools.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2025

NMR-Based Activity Assays for Determining Compound Inhibition, IC50 Values, Artifactual Activity, and Whole-Cell Activity of Nucleoside Ribohydrolases
10:24

NMR-Based Activity Assays for Determining Compound Inhibition, IC50 Values, Artifactual Activity, and Whole-Cell Activity of Nucleoside Ribohydrolases

Published on: June 30, 2019

10.1K

Ribonucleoside Hydrolases-Structure, Functions, Physiological Role and Practical Uses.

Leonid A Shaposhnikov1,2, Svyatoslav S Savin1,2, Vladimir I Tishkov1,2

  • 1Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia.

Biomolecules
|September 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ribonucleoside hydrolases break down ribonucleosides. Their exact function in most organisms is still unknown, but this review explores their diverse types, roles, and applications.

Keywords:
cancer drug designcatalysis mechanismcrystal structureenzyme kineticsnucleoside hydrolases

More Related Videos

Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes
06:52

Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes

Published on: November 1, 2019

8.3K
Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism
11:37

Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism

Published on: July 28, 2017

19.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2025

NMR-Based Activity Assays for Determining Compound Inhibition, IC50 Values, Artifactual Activity, and Whole-Cell Activity of Nucleoside Ribohydrolases
10:24

NMR-Based Activity Assays for Determining Compound Inhibition, IC50 Values, Artifactual Activity, and Whole-Cell Activity of Nucleoside Ribohydrolases

Published on: June 30, 2019

10.1K
Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes
06:52

Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes

Published on: November 1, 2019

8.3K
Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism
11:37

Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism

Published on: July 28, 2017

19.1K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Enzymology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Ribonucleoside hydrolases catalyze the cleavage of ribonucleosides into nitrogenous bases and ribose.
  • These enzymes are widely distributed across diverse life forms, including bacteria, archaea, protozoa, metazoans, yeasts, fungi, and plants.
  • The precise physiological significance of ribonucleoside hydrolases remains largely undetermined in many organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare different types of ribonucleoside hydrolases.
  • To analyze their structural characteristics, kinetic parameters, and physiological roles.
  • To explore potential applications of these enzymes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and comparative analysis of existing research on ribonucleoside hydrolases.
  • Examination of data on enzyme structure, kinetics, and biological functions.
  • Identification and discussion of potential biotechnological and therapeutic applications.

Main Results:

  • Diverse families of ribonucleoside hydrolases exist with varying structural and kinetic properties.
  • Evidence suggests potential roles in nucleotide salvage pathways, purine metabolism, and cellular homeostasis.
  • Several ribonucleoside hydrolases show promise for applications in diagnostics, therapeutics, and biocatalysis.

Conclusions:

  • Ribonucleoside hydrolases represent a versatile class of enzymes with significant, yet underexplored, physiological functions.
  • Further research into their structure-function relationships and biological roles is warranted.
  • The unique catalytic capabilities of ribonucleoside hydrolases offer promising avenues for biotechnological innovation.