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Attenuation correction in echocardiography.

M Pincu, G Schwartz, S R Corday

    Ultrasonic Imaging
    |April 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study introduces a new digital echocardiography method with improved image quality. The technique shows potential for monitoring myocardial ischemia by detecting changes in backscatter intensity during the cardiac cycle.

    Area of Science:

    • Medical Imaging
    • Echocardiography
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Conventional echocardiography faces limitations in image quality due to time-gain compensation (TGC) and attenuation.
    • Digital signal acquisition prior to TGC offers potential for enhanced image processing and analysis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a novel digital echocardiography method with improved image quality.
    • To assess the utility of a path-dependent attenuation correction (PDAC) algorithm for analyzing myocardial backscatter.
    • To evaluate the method's potential for detecting and monitoring myocardial ischemia.

    Main Methods:

    • A commercial echocardiography unit was modified for digital signal acquisition at 2.2 MHz before TGC.
    • Time-gain compensation (TGC) was simulated in software, and a path-dependent attenuation correction (PDAC) algorithm was developed.

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  • The PDAC algorithm utilized image statistics to assign attenuation coefficients for different tissues (chest, myocardium, blood).
  • Left ventricular (LV) short axis images were acquired in dogs, with and without induced myocardial ischemia.

    • Main Results:

    • Software-simulated TGC improved image quality compared to conventional video methods.
    • The PDAC algorithm enabled accurate attenuation correction.
    • A significant increase in myocardial backscatter intensity was observed at end diastole (ED) compared to end systole (ES) in healthy myocardium (2.0 +/- 0.5 dB, p < 0.01).
    • In ischemic myocardial segments, this normal phasic myocardial backscatter (PMB) variation decreased or reversed.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed digital echocardiography method with PDAC offers enhanced image quality and quantitative analysis capabilities.
    • The observed changes in PMB variation are indicative of myocardial ischemia.
    • This technique shows promise for sequential, non-invasive monitoring of myocardial ischemia and its therapeutic interventions.