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The Role of Oxidative Stress in Kidney Injury

Nejc Piko1, Sebastjan Bevc2,3, Radovan Hojs2,3

  • 1Department of Dialysis, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 28, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Oxidative stress plays a key role in kidney disease development and progression. Understanding its impact is crucial for managing kidney disease and associated cardiovascular risks in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are prevalent non-communicable diseases.
  • AKI patients face a higher risk of developing CKD and increased cardiovascular morbidity/mortality.
  • Oxidative stress, an imbalance in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses, is increasingly recognized in renal pathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize and emphasize the critical role of oxidative stress in kidney diseases.
  • To explore the link between oxidative stress and enhanced cardiovascular risk in kidney patients.
  • To present the involvement of oxidative stress in drug-induced nephrotoxicity and environmental pollutant exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on oxidative stress and kidney disease.
  • Analysis of the pathophysiology of renal damage and cardiovascular complications.
  • Examination of oxidative stress in various stages of kidney disease and renal replacement therapy.

Main Results:

  • Oxidative stress is pivotal in the development and progression of AKI and CKD.
  • It significantly contributes to the increased cardiovascular risk observed in kidney disease patients.
  • Oxidative stress is implicated in nephrotoxicity from drugs and environmental pollutants.

Conclusions:

  • Oxidative stress is a central mechanism in kidney injury and disease.
  • Targeting oxidative stress may offer therapeutic strategies for kidney disease and cardiovascular complications.
  • Further research into oxidative stress is essential for managing kidney health and related conditions.
Keywords:
acute kidney injuryacute tubular necrosischronic kidney diseaseoxidative stressreactive oxygen species

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