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Evaluating the Causal Association between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular

Baike Liu1,2, Zijian Qin3, Zhaolun Cai1,2

  • 1Gastric Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.

Biomedicines
|September 28, 2023
PubMed

Insights

This study found no causal link between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) or ischemic stroke. Observational studies may be influenced by confounding factors, not a direct causal relationship.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Epidemiology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Observational studies suggest a link between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), and increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).
  • The causal nature of this association remains unclear, necessitating further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential causal effect of IBD, CD, and UC on the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic stroke.
  • Utilizing a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to assess causality.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic instruments for IBD, CD, and UC were identified from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in European populations.
  • Inverse variance weighted (IVW) and multivariable MR (MVMR) methods were employed using data from multiple consortia (CARDIoGRAMplusC4D, MEGASTROKE, FinnGen, UK Biobank).

Main Results:

  • Mendelian randomization analysis showed no statistically significant causal effect of IBD (overall, CD, or UC) on the risk of CAD.
  • Similarly, no causal relationship was found between IBD (overall, CD, or UC) and the risk of ischemic stroke.
  • Results were consistent across IVW, meta-analysis, and MVMR approaches.

Conclusions:

  • The MR analysis does not support a causal link between IBD and the risk of CAD or ischemic stroke.
  • Discrepancies with observational studies may stem from uncontrolled confounding factors, such as IBD medications or detection bias, warranting further research.
Abstract

Keywords:
Crohn’s diseaseMendelian randomization studyatherosclerotic cardiovascular diseasecoronary artery diseaseinflammatory bowel diseaseischemic strokeulcerative colitis

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