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Electromagnetic Conversion into Kinetic and Thermal Energies.

Axel Brandenburg1,2,3,4, Nousaba Nasrin Protiti1,2

  • 1Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 28, 2023
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Summary

Electromagnetic energy converts to magnetohydrodynamic energy when conductivity emerges in the early universe. Electric energy dissipation drives this conversion, especially during reheating after inflation.

Keywords:
cosmological inflationelectric energyemergence of conductivity

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmology
  • Plasma Physics
  • Astrophysics

Background:

  • The early universe underwent reheating after inflation, transitioning to a radiation-dominated era.
  • Understanding energy conversion processes is crucial for modeling cosmic evolution.
  • The emergence of electric conductivity plays a key role in early universe plasma dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the conversion of electromagnetic energy into magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) energy.
  • To determine the primary drivers of this energy conversion during the reheating epoch.
  • To analyze the roles of electric and magnetic energies in this process.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of electromagnetic to MHD energy conversion.
  • Modeling the effects of changing electric conductivity from negligible to finite values.
  • Evaluating the contributions of electric and magnetic energy dissipation.

Main Results:

  • Energy conversion into kinetic and thermal energies is predominantly driven by electric energy dissipation.
  • Magnetic energy plays a secondary role in the overall conversion process.
  • Significant electric energy can be converted to MHD energy when conductivity arises before length scales stabilize.

Conclusions:

  • Electric energy dissipation is the primary mechanism for converting electromagnetic to MHD energy during early universe reheating.
  • The dominance of electric over magnetic energy during inflation and reheating facilitates this conversion.
  • This process highlights the importance of conductivity emergence for early universe plasma evolution.