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Quantum Mechanics Is Compatible with Counterfactual Definiteness.

Janne V Kujala1, Ehtibar N Dzhafarov2

  • 1Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turun yliopisto, Finland.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Counterfactual definiteness (CFD) means measurement outcomes are independent of context. This study shows CFD holds for any random variable system by distinguishing factual from counterfactual contexts in quantum mechanics.

Keywords:
contextualitycounterfactual definitenessstrong consistent connectedness

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum mechanics
  • Foundations of physics
  • Information theory

Background:

  • Counterfactual definiteness (CFD) posits that a property's measured value is independent of the measurement context.
  • The non-disturbance proviso states that contexts cannot physically influence the measured property.
  • Quantum mechanics is often cited as violating CFD due to apparent logical contradictions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the claim that quantum mechanics violates counterfactual definiteness.
  • To clarify the relationship between CFD and contextuality in quantum systems.
  • To demonstrate that CFD can be upheld within quantum mechanics.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of measurement contexts in quantum mechanics.
  • Distinguishing between factual and counterfactual measurement scenarios.
  • Examination of random variable systems under different contextual assumptions.

Main Results:

  • The claim of quantum mechanical violation of CFD is unsubstantiated.
  • By differentiating factual from counterfactual contexts, CFD is shown to hold for any random variable system.
  • CFD is distinct from noncontextuality, which is indeed violated by some quantum systems.

Conclusions:

  • Counterfactual definiteness is compatible with quantum mechanics.
  • The distinction between factual and counterfactual contexts resolves apparent contradictions.
  • Noncontextuality, a related but different property, remains a key feature violated in certain quantum systems.