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Updated: Jul 15, 2025

In Vitro Bioluminescence Assay to Characterize Circadian Rhythm in Mammary Epithelial Cells
Published on: September 28, 2017
Circadian Gene Variants in Diseases
1Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Abstract:
The circadian rhythm is a self-sustaining 24 h cycle that regulates physiological processes within the body, including cycles of alertness and sleepiness. Cells have their own intrinsic clock, which consists of several proteins that regulate the circadian rhythm of each individual cell. The core of the molecular clock in human cells consists of four main circadian proteins that work in pairs. The CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer and the PER-CRY heterodimer each regulate the other pair's expression, forming a negative feedback loop. Several other proteins are involved in regulating the expression of the main circadian genes, and can therefore also influence the circadian rhythm of cells. This review focuses on the existing knowledge regarding circadian gene variants in both the main and secondary circadian genes, and their association with various diseases, such as tumors, metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and sleep disorders.
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