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Oogenesis

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Defining the Program of Maternal mRNA Translation during In vitro Maturation using a Single Oocyte Reporter Assay

Defining the Program of Maternal mRNA Translation during In vitro Maturation using a Single Oocyte Reporter Assay

Published on: June 16, 2021

Transcriptome Signature of Immature and In Vitro-Matured Equine Cumulus-Oocytes Complex.

Alejandro de la Fuente^1,2, Charles Scoggin³, Etta Bradecamp³

¹Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|September 28, 2023

Summary

This study reveals key gene expression changes in equine oocytes and cumulus cells during in vitro maturation (IVM). Understanding these transcriptomic dynamics can improve in vitro embryo production (IVP) and equine assisted reproductive technologies (ART).

Keywords:

cumulus cell equine in vitro embryo production in vitro oocyte maturation oocyte transcriptome

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Last Updated: Jul 15, 2025

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Analysis of Chromosome Segregation, Histone Acetylation, and Spindle Morphology in Horse Oocytes

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Published on: May 11, 2017

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Published on: September 27, 2022

Area of Science:

Reproductive Biology
Genomics
Animal Science

Background:

In vitro maturation (IVM) is crucial for equine embryo production but faces challenges with variable success rates.
Optimizing IVM requires a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing oocyte maturation and developmental competence.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the transcriptome dynamics during equine oocyte maturation by comparing gene expression in oocytes and cumulus cells.
To identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and associated biological pathways in immature versus in vitro-matured oocytes and their surrounding cumulus cells.

Main Methods:

Cumulus-oocyte complexes were collected and divided into immature and in vitro-matured (MII) groups.
RNA sequencing was performed on isolated oocytes (OC) and cumulus cells (CC) from both groups.
Differential gene expression analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis were conducted.

Main Results:

A total of 13,918 transcripts were identified in OC, with 538 DEGs between immature and MII oocytes.
In CC, 13,104 transcripts were identified, with 871 DEGs.
GO analysis linked DEGs to nuclear maturation in OC and GTPase activity, extracellular matrix organization, and collagen trimers in CC. FSHR and LHCGR showed differential expression in CC.

Conclusions:

This study provides a foundational transcriptomic dataset for equine oocyte maturation.
Identified DEGs and pathways offer insights into improving IVM efficiency and developmental competence in horses.
Findings can enhance equine assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and clinical management.