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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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A Clinical Metaproteomics Workflow Implemented within Galaxy Bioinformatics Platform to Analyze Host-Microbiome Interactions Underlying Human Disease
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Microbiomes, Their Function, and Cancer: How Metatranscriptomics Can Close the Knowledge Gap.

Lina Aitmanaitė1, Karolis Širmonaitis1, Giancarlo Russo1

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Recent research explores the link between human microbes and cancer. While metagenomics studies microbiome composition, metatranscriptomics offers deeper insights into microbial activity

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Cancer biology
  • Genomics and transcriptomics

Background:

  • The human microbiome's role in cancer is a growing area of research.
  • Current studies primarily focus on microbiome composition (metagenomics).
  • There's a significant gap in understanding the functional impact of microbial activity in cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the contributions of metagenomics and metatranscriptomics to understanding the cancer-associated microbial environment.
  • To highlight the advantages of metatranscriptomics over metagenomics in this field.
  • To propose how metatranscriptomics can advance cancer research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing metagenomics and metatranscriptomics studies.
  • Comparative analysis of metagenomics and metatranscriptomics approaches.
  • Literature synthesis on microbial roles in various cancers.

Main Results:

  • Metagenomics has linked microbial composition to cancer proliferation, metastasis, and therapy resistance.
  • Metatranscriptomics provides direct insights into the functional activity of microbial communities.
  • Metatranscriptomics offers a more comprehensive understanding of the cancer-microbiome interaction.

Conclusions:

  • Metatranscriptomics is crucial for understanding the functional role of the microbiome in cancer.
  • Further application of metatranscriptomics will significantly advance cancer research.
  • Integrating metatranscriptomics can reveal novel therapeutic targets within the cancer microbiome.