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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
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Spontaneous and Induced Mutations01:30

Spontaneous and Induced Mutations

36
Spontaneous mutations arise infrequently during DNA replication due to errors in the process. A key factor behind these errors is tautomeric shifts in nitrogenous bases, where bases transition from keto to enol forms or amino to imino forms. This shift can alter base-pairing rules, leading to mutations. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) arising from aerobic metabolism can damage DNA, resulting in depurination (loss of a purine base) or depyrimidination (loss of a pyrimidine base).
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Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
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Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Studying Age-dependent Genomic Instability using the S. cerevisiae Chronological Lifespan Model
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Studying Age-dependent Genomic Instability using the S. cerevisiae Chronological Lifespan Model

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Genomic Instability and Epigenetic Changes during Aging.

Lucía López-Gil1,2, Amparo Pascual-Ahuir1, Markus Proft2

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|September 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genomic instability, including DNA damage and epigenetic changes, drives aging. Understanding these mechanisms is key to future aging research and interventions.

Keywords:
agingchromatinepigeneticsgenomic instabilityhistones

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Aging is characterized by physiological decline and increased mortality.
  • Genomic instability is increasingly recognized as a key hallmark of aging.
  • Cellular and molecular changes accumulate with advancing age.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the central role of genomic instability in the aging process.
  • To explore genetic and epigenetic alterations contributing to aging-related genomic instability.
  • To discuss the impact of chromatin organization on aging.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles on aging and genomic instability.
  • Analysis of genetic alterations (telomere shortening, DNA damage, repair capacity).
  • Examination of epigenetic modifications (histone, DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs) and chromatin structure.

Main Results:

  • Telomere shortening, DNA damage accumulation, and reduced DNA repair capacity are key genetic factors in aging.
  • Epigenetic changes, including histone modifications, altered DNA methylation, and non-coding RNAs, are prevalent in aging.
  • Chromatin organization changes, such as heterochromatin loss and remodeling, contribute to genomic instability during aging.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic instability is a fundamental driver of the aging process.
  • Genetic, epigenetic, and chromatin alterations collectively contribute to aging.
  • Further research is crucial to elucidate these complex biological mechanisms and their implications.