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Related Concept Videos

Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Healing II: Complications01:24

Healing II: Complications

Complications during healing arise when tissue repair is altered by local or systemic factors. These changes involve abnormal collagen deposition, altered biomechanics, and reduced vascular supply, impairing restoration of normal structure and function.Loss of FunctionScar tissue differs significantly from the original tissue it replaces. In the skin, fibrosis lacks adnexal structures such as hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. Their absence reduces tactile sensitivity, impairs...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

A Morphometric and Cellular Analysis Method for the Murine Mandibular Condyle
08:07

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Analysis of Mandibular Muscle Variations Following Condylar Fractures: A Systematic Review.

Francesco Inchingolo1, Assunta Patano1, Angelo Michele Inchingolo1

  • 1Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|September 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Mandibular condylar fractures alter masticatory muscle activity and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function. Electromyography (EMG) and CT imaging are key for assessing these changes and guiding treatment.

Keywords:
bite forcescondylar fractureelectromyographymandibular fracturemasticatory musclesmuscles activitytemporomandibular joint

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Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Biomechanics
  • Muscle Physiology

Background:

  • Mandibular condylar fractures (CF) significantly impact masticatory muscle function and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) performance.
  • Understanding these functional changes is crucial for effective patient management and rehabilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze muscle activity following mandibular condylar fractures.
  • To elucidate the effects on masticatory muscles and TMJ functioning.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
  • Database searches using keywords: "masticatory muscles" AND ("mandibular fracture" OR "condylar fracture").
  • Inclusion of human intervention clinical trials focusing on post-fracture muscle activity.

Main Results:

  • 13 studies were analyzed, employing methods like clinical evaluation, bite force measurement, electromyography (EMG), magnetic sensors, and radiological examinations.
  • Findings indicate significant alterations in masticatory muscle activity post-mandibular fracture.

Conclusions:

  • Mandibular condylar fractures cause notable changes in muscle activity, impacting mastication and TMJ function.
  • EMG and CT imaging are vital for assessing muscle adaptations and informing treatment strategies.
  • Further research on long-term outcomes and standardized approaches is recommended for improved patient care.