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Continuous On-Chip Cell Washing Using Viscoelastic Microfluidics.

Hyunjung Lim1, Minji Kim2, Yeongmu Kim3

  • 1Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health (PPH), Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.

Micromachines
|September 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a microfluidic method for continuous on-chip washing, replacing centrifugation. It uses viscoelastic fluids and sheath flows for efficient particle and white blood cell isolation with minimal cell loss.

Keywords:
co-flowviscoelastic fluidwashingwhite blood cell

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Microfluidics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Medium exchange is crucial for biological research but traditionally uses centrifugation, which has limitations.
  • Microfluidic techniques offer an alternative for medium exchange, minimizing cell loss and physical stimulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a continuous on-chip washing process using a co-flow system with viscoelastic and Newtonian fluids.
  • To determine optimal conditions for particle and cell washing based on polymer concentration and particle size.
  • To validate the clinical applicability of the developed microfluidic system for white blood cell washing.

Main Methods:

  • A co-flow system was designed using xanthan gum (XG) as a biocompatible polymer and Newtonian fluids as sheath flows.
  • Particle migration in the co-flow system was analyzed based on polymer concentration and particle size.
  • The system's performance was optimized at a total flow rate of 100 μL/min.
  • Washing of white blood cells (WBCs) in lysed blood samples was performed and evaluated using a scanning spectrophotometer.

Main Results:

  • Polymer concentration and particle size were found to influence lateral particle migration.
  • Optimal conditions for medium exchange were identified, including critical particle size and xanthan gum concentration.
  • The continuous on-chip washing system demonstrated effective isolation of white blood cells from lysed blood samples.

Conclusions:

  • The developed microfluidic co-flow system provides an efficient and gentle method for continuous on-chip washing.
  • This technique offers a promising alternative to centrifugation for various research and clinical applications, including cell isolation and purification.