Carbon-Based Enzyme Mimetics for Electrochemical Biosensing.

Area of Science:

• * Nanomaterials science
• * Analytical chemistry
• * Electrochemistry

Background:

• * Natural enzymes are crucial for electrochemical (bio)sensor selectivity but suffer from instability, high cost, and degradation.
• * Artificial enzymes, or nanozymes, based on nanomaterials, are emerging as stable, cost-effective, and easily produced alternatives.
• * Carbon-based nanozymes offer advantages over metal nanozymes, including stable and tunable activity, biocompatibility, and mimicry of various enzyme functions.

Purpose of the Study:

• * To review the recent applications of carbon-based nanozymes in electrochemical (bio)sensor preparation.
• * To highlight the advantages of carbon-based nanozymes over natural enzymes and metal-based nanozymes.
• * To provide insights into the latest advancements (since 2020) in this field.

Main Methods:

• * Comprehensive literature review focusing on studies published since 2020.
• * Analysis of recent research on carbon-based nanozymes for electrochemical (bio)sensor applications.
• * Synthesis of information on the properties and performance of various carbon-based nanozymes.

Main Results:

• * Carbon-based nanozymes demonstrate significant potential in enhancing electrochemical (bio)sensor performance.
• * These nanozymes exhibit excellent stability, tunable activity, and biocompatibility, mimicking natural enzyme functions.
• * Recent studies showcase diverse applications in catalysis, energy, imaging, sensing, and biomedicine.

Conclusions:

• * Carbon-based nanozymes represent a promising platform for developing advanced electrochemical (bio)sensors.
• * Their stability, cost-effectiveness, and tunable properties overcome limitations of natural enzymes.
• * Continued research in this area is expected to drive innovation in biosensing technologies.