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Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Research and Development of High-performance Explosives
Published on: February 20, 2016
Synthesis and Characterization of Azido- and Nitratoalkyl Nitropyrazoles as Potential Melt-Cast Explosives
Elena Reinhardt1, Tobias Lenz1, Lukas Bauer1
1Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
Abstract:
Desirable advancements in the field of explosive materials include the development of novel melt-castable compounds with melting points ranging from 80 to 110 °C. This is particularly important due to the limited performance and high toxicity associated with TNT (trinitrotoluene). In this study, a series of innovative melt-castable explosives featuring nitratoalkyl and azidoalkyl functionalities attached to the 3-nitro-, 4-nitro-, 3,4-dinitropyrazole, or 3-azido-4-nitropyrazole scaffold are introduced. These compounds were synthesized using straightforward methods and thoroughly characterized using various analytical techniques, including single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and DTA. Furthermore, the energetic properties such as (theoretical) performance data, sensitivities, and compatibilities of the compounds were evaluated and compared among the different structures.
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