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Biocompatible 3D-Printed Tendon/Ligament Scaffolds Based on Polylactic Acid/Graphite Nanoplatelet Composites.

Magda Silva1,2,3, Susana Gomes3, Cátia Correia1,2

  • 13B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study developed novel 3D-printed nanocomposite scaffolds using polylactic acid and functionalized graphene with silver nanoparticles. These biocompatible scaffolds show promise for enhancing tendon and ligament regeneration while possessing antibacterial properties.

Keywords:
3D printingPLAcompositesfunctionalized graphite nanoplateletsligamentstendons

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Three-dimensional (3D) printing offers customizable scaffolds for regenerative medicine.
  • Tendon and ligament regeneration requires biocompatible materials with specific mechanical properties.
  • Bacterial infections pose a significant risk in tissue regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate novel 3D-printed nanocomposite scaffolds for tendon and ligament regeneration.
  • To enhance biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and add antibacterial features to scaffolds.
  • To assess the suitability of polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with functionalized graphene and silver nanoparticles ((f-EG)+Ag) for tissue repair.

Main Methods:

  • 3D printing of polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds reinforced with 0.5 wt.% (f-EG)+Ag.
  • Assessment of scaffold structure, surface nanoroughness, and biodegradation.
  • Evaluation of mechanical properties using wet-state dynamic mechanical analysis.
  • Cytotoxicity assays with L929 fibroblasts and cell culture with human tendon-derived cells.

Main Results:

  • The 3D-printed scaffolds exhibited increased surface nanoroughness with filler addition.
  • Reinforcement with (f-EG)+Ag significantly increased the storage modulus of PLA scaffolds in wet conditions.
  • (f-EG)+Ag demonstrated antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
  • Scaffolds were biocompatible, supported human tendon-derived cell attachment, and maintained tenogenic commitment.
  • Gene expression of tendon/ligament-related markers increased in the presence of scaffolds.

Conclusions:

  • The developed 3D-printed nanocomposite scaffolds are biocompatible and possess suitable mechanical properties for tendon and ligament regeneration.
  • The incorporated (f-EG)+Ag provides essential antibacterial activity, crucial for preventing infections during healing.
  • These advanced scaffolds show significant potential for clinical applications in musculoskeletal tissue repair and regeneration.