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Nanodiamond Decorated PEO Oxide Coatings on NiTi Alloy
Karlis Grundsteins1, Kateryna Diedkova1,2, Viktoriia Korniienko1,2
1Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, 3 Jelgavas St., LV-1004 Riga, Latvia.
Insights
This study introduces nanodiamond-coated nitinol stents to improve cardiovascular disease treatment. The novel coating enhances biocompatibility and cell growth, offering a promising alternative to current stent technologies.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Cardiovascular Research
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of death in Europe, often stemming from atherosclerosis.
- Current treatments like statins and stents (BMS, DES) have limitations in plaque reduction and long-term complications.
- Nanomaterial-based stent surface modifications offer a potential solution to overcome these limitations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the incorporation of detonation nanodiamonds (NDs) into plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings on nitinol stents.
- To evaluate the functionalization, stability, and structural characteristics of ND-modified coatings.
- To assess the biocompatibility and cellular response of the modified nitinol stent surface.
Main Methods:
- Detonation nanodiamonds (NDs) were functionalized and incorporated into PEO coatings on nitinol stents.
- Characterization included stability tests, Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and scanning electron microscopy with EDX.
- Biological assessment involved evaluating cell adhesion and proliferation on the decorated nitinol surface.
Main Results:
- Functionalized NDs exhibited good suspension stability and were successfully incorporated into the PEO ceramic layer.
- High-voltage PEO facilitated the formation of a porous surface structure.
- The ND-decorated nitinol surface demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, promoting enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation.
Conclusions:
- Detonation nanodiamonds can be effectively integrated into PEO coatings on nitinol stents.
- This novel nanodiamond-based surface modification enhances stent biocompatibility and cellular response.
- The developed nitinol stents show promise for improving cardiovascular disease treatment outcomes.
Abstract:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of death in the European population, primarily attributed to atherosclerosis and subsequent complications. Although statin drugs effectively prevent atherosclerosis, they fail to reduce plaque size and vascular stenosis. Bare metal stents (BMS) have shown promise in acute coronary disease treatment but are associated with restenosis in the stent. Drug-eluting stents (DES) have improved restenosis rates but present long-term complications. To overcome these limitations, nanomaterial-based modifications of the stent surfaces have been explored. This study focuses on the incorporation of detonation nanodiamonds (NDs) into a plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coating on nitinol stents to enhance their performance. The functionalized ND showed a high surface-to-volume ratio and was incorporated into the oxide layer to mimic high-density lipoproteins (HDL) for reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). We provide substantial characterization of DND, including stability in two media (acetone and water), Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. The characterization of the modified ND revealed successful functionalization and adequate suspension stability. Scanning electron microscopy with EDX demonstrated successful incorporation of DND into the ceramic layer, but the formation of a porous surface is possible only in the high-voltage PEO. The biological assessment demonstrated the biocompatibility of the decorated nitinol surface with enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. This study presents a novel approach to improving the performance of nitinol stents using ND-based surface modifications, providing a promising avenue for cardiovascular disease.
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