Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Disposable Dosators for Pulmonary Insufflation of Therapeutic Agents to Small Animals
Published on: March 30, 2017
Development of a Carvedilol Oral Liquid Formulation for Paediatric Use
Blanca Chiclana-Rodríguez1, Encarnacion Garcia-Montoya1,2, Khadija Rouaz-El Hajoui1,2
1Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
None:
Carvedilol (CARV) is an 'off-label' β-blocker drug to treat cardiovascular diseases in children. Since CARV is nearly insoluble in water, only CARV solid forms are commercialized. Usually, CARV tablets are manipulated to prepare an extemporaneous liquid formulation for children in hospitals. We studied CARV to improve its aqueous solubility and develop an oral solution. In this study, we assessed the solubility and preliminary stability of CARV in different pH media. Using malic acid as a solubility enhancer had satisfactory results. We studied the chemical, physical, and microbiological stability of 1 mg/mL CARV-malic acid solution. A design of experiment (DoE) was used to optimize the CARV solution's preparation parameters. A 1 mg/mL CARV solution containing malic acid was stable for up to 12 months at 25 °C and 30 °C and 6 months at 40 °C. An equation associating malic acid with CARV concentrations was obtained using DoE. Microbiological data showed that the use of methylparaben was not necessary for this period of time. We successfully developed an aqueous CARV solution suitable for paediatrics and proven to be stable over a 12-month period.
More Related Videos
04:59Author Spotlight: Developing a Disposable Dosator for Preclinical Testing of Dry Powder Inhalers in Small Animal Models
Published on: August 18, 2023
05:31Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement from Autologous Pericardium with a Self-Expandable Nitinol Stent in an Adult Sheep Model
Published on: June 8, 2022
Related Concept Videos
One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: General Considerations
The drug's presence in the body is defined by an equation representing the difference between the rates of drug entry and exit. Key parameters—elimination rate constant,...
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route
One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: Estimation of Clearance
In the one-compartment open model for intravenous (IV) bolus administration, clearance is estimated by dividing the elimination rate by the plasma drug concentration. This equation leverages the elimination rate constant and the apparent...
Two-Compartment Open Model: IV Bolus Administration
The disparity between drug input and the sum of drug transfer rates between...
Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs
The misuse and addiction to prescription drugs is a growing problem that can affect people of all age groups, specifically teenagers. This can happen when prescription medications are used in ways not intended by the prescriber, such as taking someone else's prescription or using medication for...
One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: Estimation of Elimination Rate Constant, Half-Life and Volume of Distribution