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The Durable Chitosan Functionalization of Cellulosic Fabrics.

Sandra Flinčec Grgac1, Tea-Dora Biruš1, Anita Tarbuk1

  • 1Department of Textile Chemistry and Ecology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Textile Technology, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 28a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

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Summary

This study investigated the durability of chitosan-treated cotton and blended fabrics after repeated washing. 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) demonstrated superior performance as a crosslinking agent for chitosan compared to maleic acid (MA).

Keywords:
1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA)FTIR-ATRantimicrobial activitychitosancotton fabriccotton/polyester blenddurabilitymaleic acid (MA)mechanical propertieswhiteness

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Textile Chemistry
  • Biopolymers

Background:

  • Chitosan, a natural biopolymer, offers valuable properties like antimicrobial activity, biocompatibility, and wound healing potential.
  • Functionalizing cellulosic textiles with chitosan can impart desirable properties, but its durability through laundering cycles remains a key challenge.
  • Previous research focused on applying chitosan for antimicrobial textiles, with limited data on long-term performance after maintenance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the durability of chitosan functionalization on cotton and cotton/polyester blended fabrics.
  • To compare the effectiveness of maleic acid (MA) and 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) as crosslinking agents for chitosan.
  • To assess the impact of repeated maintenance cycles on the mechanical, optical, and antimicrobial properties of functionalized textiles.

Main Methods:

  • Chitosan functionalization of cellulosic fabrics using MA or BTCA as crosslinking agents and sodium hypophosphite monohydrate as a catalyst.
  • Subjecting treated fabrics to 10 maintenance cycles following ISO 6330:2012 standards (Reference detergent 3, Procedure F drying).
  • Analyzing crosslinking via Fourier infrared spectrometry with Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR), and evaluating mechanical properties, whiteness, yellowing, and antimicrobial activity using standard methods.

Main Results:

  • 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) exhibited superior crosslinking ability with chitosan on cellulosic substrates compared to maleic acid (MA).
  • Fabric properties, including mechanical strength, whiteness, and antimicrobial efficacy, were monitored after the 3rd and 10th wash cycles.
  • The study provides quantitative data on the durability of chitosan functionalization under rigorous laundering conditions.

Conclusions:

  • BTCA is a more effective crosslinking agent than MA for enhancing the durability of chitosan-functionalized cellulosic textiles.
  • Chitosan functionalization shows potential for creating durable antimicrobial textiles, with BTCA-treated fabrics demonstrating better performance retention.
  • This research addresses the critical need for understanding the long-term stability of chitosan treatments in textile applications.