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Development of Biodegradable Thermosetting Plastic Using Dialdehyde Pineapple Stem Starch.

Wasan Tessanan1,2, Pranee Phinyocheep1, Taweechai Amornsakchai1,2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Payathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.

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Summary

Environmentally friendly modified pineapple stem starch creates durable thermosetting plastics. These bio-based materials offer superior mechanical properties and water resistance compared to unmodified starch thermoplastics, promoting sustainable alternatives.

Keywords:
agricultural wastealdehyde starchbiodegradable sheetmechanical performancepineapple stemthermosetting plastic

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Sustainable Materials

Background:

  • Pineapple stem waste is an abundant agricultural byproduct.
  • Development of sustainable, biodegradable materials is crucial to replace petroleum-based plastics.
  • Starch modification offers a pathway to novel bio-based polymers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop thermosetting plastics from modified pineapple stem starch.
  • To investigate the effect of dialdehyde modification on starch properties.
  • To compare the performance of thermosetting starch plastics with thermoplastic starch.

Main Methods:

  • Pineapple stem starch was modified to create dialdehyde starch with varying aldehyde content.
  • Thermosetting plastics were fabricated using dialdehyde starch and glycerol via hot compression molding.
  • Thermoplastic material was produced from unmodified starch under identical conditions for comparison.

Main Results:

  • Dialdehyde starch thermosets exhibited superior mechanical properties (modulus 1862–2000 MPa, strength 15–42 MPa) compared to thermoplastic starch.
  • Thermosets showed a uniform microstructure and lack of crystallinity, indicating crosslinking.
  • Enhanced water resistance and continued, albeit slower, biodegradability were observed in thermosets.

Conclusions:

  • Modified pineapple stem starch can be processed into high-performance thermosetting plastics.
  • Glycerol content can be tailored to adjust mechanical properties.
  • These starch-based thermosets represent a promising sustainable alternative to conventional plastics.