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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

1.8K
A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
1.8K
Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

575
Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's...
575
Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

1.0K
Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
1.0K
Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane

605
Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
Step 4: Instruct the patient to tilt their head to the side for comfort and check for cerumen...
605
Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla

608
Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...
608
Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal01:27

Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal

4.5K
Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection.
Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...
4.5K

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Using a Combination of Indirect Calorimetry, Infrared Thermography, and Blood Glucose Levels to Measure Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis in Humans
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Best Practices for Body Temperature Measurement with Infrared Thermography: External Factors Affecting Accuracy.

Siavash Mazdeyasna1, Pejman Ghassemi1, Quanzeng Wang1

  • 1Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Screening thermographs (STs) with external temperature reference sources (ETRS) significantly improve infrared thermograph (IRT) accuracy for elevated body temperature (EBT) detection. STs minimize measurement errors across various environmental conditions, enhancing pandemic screening reliability.

Keywords:
ISO/TR 13154accuracyambient temperatureatmosphere transmittanceelevated body temperatureenvironmental effectsexternal temperature reference sourceinfrared thermographrelative humiditythermographyviewing angle

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Area of Science:

  • Thermography and Temperature Measurement
  • Medical Device Performance Evaluation
  • Environmental Sensing

Background:

  • Infrared thermographs (IRTs) are crucial for pandemic screening of elevated body temperature (EBT).
  • Limited research exists on external factors influencing IRT accuracy.
  • External temperature reference sources (ETRS) can compensate for IRT limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate external factors affecting IRT and screening thermograph (ST) accuracy.
  • To quantify the performance improvement of STs over standalone IRTs.
  • To establish optimal parameters for accurate EBT detection using thermography.

Main Methods:

  • Benchtop measurements and computer simulations were performed using two IRTs, with and without ETRS.
  • Evaluated variables included viewing angle (θ), ETRS set temperature (TETRS), ambient temperature (Tatm), relative humidity (RH), and working distance (d).
  • Absolute measurement errors were calculated for IRTs and STs under various conditions.

Main Results:

  • Screening thermographs (STs) demonstrated significantly higher accuracy than IRTs alone, with errors < 0.12 °C versus < 0.97 °C.
  • Optimal TETRS for EBT detection was determined to be 36-37 °C.
  • Simulations showed minimal temperature differences for STs (up to 0.04 °C) compared to IRTs (up to 0.28 °C) across broad environmental ranges.

Conclusions:

  • The use of an ETRS in a screening thermograph (ST) substantially enhances temperature measurement accuracy.
  • Precise calibration and environmental control are vital for reliable thermographic readings.
  • Findings support the development of improved standards and best practices for EBT screening.