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Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Epidemiological Burden in Pediatric Outpatients in Italy: A Systematic Review

Sara Boccalini1, Benedetta Bonito1, Cristina Salvati1

  • 1Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.

Vaccines
|September 28, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) impacts young children, causing significant respiratory infections. This review highlights varying hRSV rates in Italian pediatric outpatients, emphasizing the need for better data to guide prevention.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Virology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in children aged 0-5 years.
  • hRSV infections lead to significant healthcare utilization, including outpatient visits, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations.
  • Understanding hRSV epidemiology in pediatric outpatients is crucial for developing effective mitigation strategies, especially with new vaccine development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the epidemiological impact of hRSV infections in pediatric outpatients aged 0-5 years in Italy.
  • To assess the prevalence and temporal trends of hRSV positivity in this population.
  • To identify data gaps and inform future research and public health strategies.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of literature was conducted using major databases: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the International HTA Database.
  • Searches covered English and Italian records published between January 2000 and July 2022.
  • Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to identify eligible studies.

Main Results:

  • Six eligible studies were identified, reporting hRSV positivity rates between 18% and 41% in pediatric outpatients with respiratory infections.
  • Significant variability in data comparability was observed due to differences in diagnostic methods, data sources, populations, and study designs.
  • A notable temporal trend showed an increase in hRSV positivity from 23.8% (2001-2002) to 40.6% (2019-2020), potentially due to evolving factors or improved diagnostics.

Conclusions:

  • This is the first systematic review focusing on hRSV in Italian pediatric outpatients.
  • The findings highlight considerable variability in hRSV prevalence and underscore the need for more standardized and comprehensive data.
  • Improved data collection is essential for developing effective preventive strategies and managing the burden of hRSV in young children.
Abstract

Keywords:
RSVambulatoryburden of diseasechildrenepidemiologyhRSV-AhRSV-Bmonoclonal antibodiespreventionrespiratory infection

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