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Cytokine profiles in an extremely preterm infant with congenital syphilis

Eisuke Fukama1, Tomoaki Nomura1, Daisuke Hatanaka1

  • 1Department of Neonatology, Japanese Red Cross Musashino Hospital.

Fukushima Journal of Medical Science
|September 28, 2023
PubMed

Insights

This study details the first reported cytokine profiles in an infant with congenital syphilis. Findings show elevated immune markers similar to adult syphilis, including in cerebrospinal fluid.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Congenital syphilis is a serious infection transmitted from mother to child.
  • Understanding the infant immune response is crucial for effective management.
  • Limited data exists on cytokine profiles in infants with congenital syphilis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the cytokine profile of an infant diagnosed with congenital syphilis.
  • To compare the infant's immune response to patterns observed in adult syphilis cases.
  • To investigate potential markers of neurosyphilis in affected infants.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a preterm infant born to a mother undergoing syphilis treatment.
  • Analysis of serum cytokine levels, including T helper (Th)-1 cytokines (interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12), IL-17, IL-6, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF).
  • Measurement of interferon-γ and IL-17 levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Main Results:

  • Elevated levels of Th-1 cytokines (IL-2, IL-12) and IL-17 were observed, mirroring adult syphilis.
  • Increased IL-6 and G-CSF suggest a potential leukemoid reaction.
  • Slight elevations in CSF interferon-γ and IL-17 were detected, similar to adult neurosyphilis.

Conclusions:

  • The infant's cytokine profile in congenital syphilis shares similarities with adult infections.
  • Elevated immune markers may indicate the severity and potential neurological involvement.
  • This case highlights the importance of monitoring immune responses in congenital syphilis.

Keywords:
IL-12IL-17IL-2congenital syphiliscytokine

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