From pedagogical content knowledge toward technological pedagogical content knowledge frameworks and their...

A study to reveal existing pedagogical content knowledge or technological pedagogical content knowledge frameworks and their effectiveness in teaching mathematics is crucial to inform the reader, teacher, and researcher. This review study intended to explore the trends of the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) framework, how it has changed over time until the most recent version of technological and pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) was developed, and their effectiveness in teaching mathematics.

We initially downloaded 273 articles from the first 30 Google Scholar pages and analyzed 229 journal articles. We got 24 frameworks from 64 journal articles since Shulman's first model in 1986. About 52 out of 229 were mathematics studies. Among these studies, we found that 18 studies have extensively investigated the use of identified frameworks.

The frameworks were presented and descriptively discussed in chronological order. The empirical studies that compared the role of pedagogical content knowledge and technological pedagogical content knowledge models among classrooms with teachers who possess and do not possess such skills were demonstrated.

The gap in empirical studies was identified, and further studies about the intervention of PCK and TPACK models were suggested to gain more insight into the mathematics classroom.