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COVID-19 outcomes in patients with a history of immune-mediated glomerular diseases

Philipp Gauckler1, Jana S Kesenheimer2, Duvuru Geetha3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.

Frontiers in Immunology
|September 28, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Patients with immune-mediated glomerular diseases face severe COVID-19 risks. Older age, male sex, corticosteroid use, and low albumin are key risk factors for adverse outcomes in these patients.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Patients with immune-mediated glomerular diseases (IMGDs) are presumed to be at higher risk for severe COVID-19.
  • Limited conclusive evidence exists to support this heightened risk in the IMGD population.
  • Understanding specific risk factors is crucial for managing COVID-19 in this vulnerable group.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize specific risk factors associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes in patients with IMGDs.
  • To identify clinical predictors of severe COVID-19 in individuals previously diagnosed with glomerular diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective data collection from a global registry of patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing IMGDs.
  • Analysis of clinical data to compare outcomes between severe and non-severe COVID-19 cases.
  • Statistical evaluation of patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and treatment factors.

Main Results:

  • Fifty-nine patients with IMGDs diagnosed with COVID-19 were analyzed.
  • Severe COVID-19 outcomes were observed in 55.9% of patients.
  • Significant risk factors for severe COVID-19 included older age (p = .003), lower serum albumin (p = .016), male sex (p <.001), and ongoing corticosteroid use (p = .047). Acute kidney injury risk was higher in severe cases (27% vs 4%, p = .018).

Conclusions:

  • Older age, male sex, ongoing corticosteroid therapy, and low serum albumin levels are significant risk factors for severe COVID-19 in patients with immune-mediated glomerular diseases.
  • These findings highlight the need for close monitoring and tailored management strategies for IMGD patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Abstract

Keywords:
autoimmune diseasecoronavirusglomerulonephritisimmunosuppressionkidney diseaserisk factor

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