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Community diversity and the other-race effect in infancy
Trinity Bauer1, Cidnee Hall1, Aslı Bursalıoğlu1
1Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
Frontiers in Psychology
|September 28, 2023
Summary
The other-race effect (ORE) emerges in infancy, but community racial diversity can mitigate its development. Infants from diverse areas show less ORE, suggesting increased exposure reduces racial processing biases.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Psychology
- Social Neuroscience
- Infant Face Perception
Background:
- The other-race effect (ORE) is an infant's preferential processing of own-race faces over other-race faces, emerging around 9 months.
- Environmental exposure to diverse racial groups influences the development and strength of the ORE.
- Understanding ORE development is crucial for addressing early-emerging racial biases and their societal implications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of community racial diversity on the other-race effect in 9- to 12-month-old infants across the United States.
- To test the hypothesis that greater community diversity reduces the ORE by increasing infant exposure to other-race individuals.
- To examine regional differences in ORE based on community demographics and infant's racial group.
Main Methods:
- Online study utilizing familiarization and visual paired comparison (VPC) tasks with own- and other-race faces.
- Participants were 9- to 12-month-old infants from diverse communities across the United States.
- Community racial diversity was assessed to correlate with ORE strength.
Main Results:
- The other-race effect was present, but primarily driven by infants belonging to the racial majority within their community.
- Infants from racial or ethnic minority groups did not exhibit significant recognition biases, suggesting mitigated ORE development.
- Increased exposure to racial out-group members in diverse communities appears to reduce the ORE.
Conclusions:
- Community racial diversity plays a significant role in modulating the development of the other-race effect in infancy.
- The ORE is not uniform and can be weakened by early-life exposure to racial out-groups.
- Findings have implications for understanding early racial bias, child development, and social justice, highlighting potential for interventions.
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