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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Antihypertensive Drugs: Thiazide-Class Diuretics01:15

Antihypertensive Drugs: Thiazide-Class Diuretics

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Thiazide diuretics are sulfonamide derivatives featuring a benzothiadiazine ring system in their molecular structure. Based on this structure, thiazide diuretics can be categorized into two groups: thiazide-type and thiazide-like diuretics. Thiazide-type diuretics, including hydrochlorothiazide and chlorothiazide, consist of a benzothiadiazine backbone with an attached sulfonamide group. Thiazide-like diuretics, such as chlorthalidone and indapamide, lack the thiazide ring but demonstrate...
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Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

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Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla.  Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by...
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Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics01:28

Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

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Liddle syndrome is a genetically inherited form of hypertension characterized by the overactivity of epithelial sodium channels in the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. This heightened activity leads to increased sodium reabsorption and excessive excretion of potassium. To counteract this, potassium-sparing diuretics such as amiloride are used. They function by blocking these sodium channels, thereby reducing the influx of sodium into the epithelial cells and minimizing the loss of...
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Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

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Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
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Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants01:18

Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants

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Oral anticoagulants are vital tools in preventing and treating blood clotting disorders. This diverse class of medications can be categorized as vitamin K antagonists, exemplified by warfarin, and direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), such as dabigatran, as well as factor Xa inhibitors, including rivaroxaban.
Warfarin, a prominent vitamin K antagonist family member, exerts its effect by inhibiting the enzyme VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1). By hindering this enzyme, warfarin...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of Placenta-Targeted Drug Delivery Using Three Complementary Methods
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Update on hydroxychloroquine use in pregnancy.

Wassan Nori1, Nabeeha Najatee Akram2, Raid M Al-Ani3

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10052, Iraq. dr.wassan76@uomustansiriyah.edu.iq.

World Journal of Experimental Medicine
|September 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is safe in pregnancy for autoimmune conditions. Recent studies show promise for increasing live births in cases of chronic placental inflammation, warranting further investigation.

Keywords:
Antiphospholipid syndromeCOVID-19Chronic placental inflammationHydroxychloroquinePreeclampsiaPregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Immunology
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is established for malaria, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis.
  • It possesses immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties.
  • HCQ has been used for antiphospholipid syndrome and is considered safe in pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent updates on hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) use in pregnancy.
  • To assess HCQ's efficacy in various pregnancy-related conditions.
  • To highlight potential benefits in chronic placental inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on HCQ in pregnancy.
  • Analysis of safety data and pregnancy outcomes.
  • Evaluation of HCQ's role in managing specific pregnancy complications.

Main Results:

  • HCQ demonstrates a favorable safety profile in pregnant women.
  • Limited adverse pregnancy outcomes and congenital malformations reported.
  • Preliminary data suggest increased live birth rates in chronic placental inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • HCQ is a potentially safe therapeutic option during pregnancy for certain conditions.
  • Further research is needed to validate HCQ's efficacy in chronic placental inflammation.
  • Continued monitoring and research are essential for optimizing HCQ use in obstetric care.