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Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Therapeutic Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement for Management of Halitosis in Dogs
Published on: July 6, 2015
[Halitosis. Multidisciplinary approach]
S A Karpishchenko1, G V Lavrenova1, O P Malay1
1Pavlov First State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Abstract:
Halitosis is a common complaint among patients. Up to 50% of people worldwide claim to have persistent or intermittent bad breath. Often, bad breath not only disrupts the social life of patients, but is also a symptom of systemic diseases. An important step in the treatment of halitosis is the localization of the source and possible cause of the unpleasant smell. Most often, the problem of halitosis is solved by dentists, because intraoral halitosis accounts for up to 90% of all cases, but doctors of many specialties should deal with the differential diagnosis of its causes. This article considers the main causes of halitosis in patients with diseases of various organ systems.
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