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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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A Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell PBMC Engrafted Humanized Xenograft Model for Translational Immuno-oncology I-O Research
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Immuno-oncology.

Awen Gallimore1, Cathy Tournier2

  • 1Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.

Essays in Biochemistry
|September 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer cells evade immune detection, but new therapies like checkpoint inhibitors show promise. Advanced technologies reveal complex tumor-immune interactions, offering novel therapeutic strategies for improved cancer treatment.

Keywords:
ImmunotherapiescGAS-STINGimmune checkpointimmunopeptidomicsmacrophagesneutrophils

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Author Spotlight: Unlocking Insights into the Immune Cell Landscape of Tumors
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Cancer cells possess mechanisms to evade immune system detection, hindering the body's natural defense against disease.
  • The development of checkpoint inhibitor therapy has improved survival for many cancer patients, but response rates vary significantly across cancer types and individuals.

Discussion:

  • Technological advancements, including functional fluorescent imaging, RNA sequencing, and single-cell mass cytometry, have revealed a more intricate understanding of immuno-oncology.
  • Tumors are composed of diverse immune cell populations that dynamically interact with cancer cells, influencing neoplastic growth, invasion, and metastasis.

Key Insights:

  • The complex interplay between tumor cells and immune cells is crucial for cancer progression.
  • Restoring anti-tumor immunity is a key focus in advancing cancer treatment strategies.

Outlook:

  • Novel therapeutic opportunities are emerging from the complex immuno-oncology landscape.
  • Further research into tumor-immune cell interactions may lead to more personalized and effective cancer therapies.