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Trajectories of cognitive flexibility through kindergarten and first grade: Implications for externalizing and
Irina Patwardhan1, Chanelle Gordon1, Walter Alex Mason2
1Boys Town Translational Research Center for Child and Family Studies.
Developmental Psychology
|September 28, 2023
Summary
Children with delayed cognitive flexibility in early elementary school show increased risk for externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Early intervention focusing on flexible thinking and emotional support may mitigate these risks.
Area of Science:
- Developmental psychology
- Child psychopathology
- Cognitive development
Background:
- Developmental delays in cognitive flexibility (CF) in early elementary school are linked to increased vulnerability for externalizing and internalizing psychopathology.
- Understanding these developmental trajectories is crucial for early identification and intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify latent subgroups of children based on cognitive flexibility developmental trajectories from kindergarten to first grade.
- To examine the association between these trajectories and internalizing/externalizing behaviors in second grade, controlling for covariates.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010-2011.
- Employed growth mixture modeling on a sample of 15,827 kindergarteners.
- Analyzed cognitive flexibility development and its relation to behavioral outcomes.
Main Results:
- Identified two distinct groups: normative (91.05%) and delayed (8.95%) cognitive flexibility developers.
- Children in the delayed group exhibited significantly higher levels of externalizing and internalizing behaviors in second grade.
- These associations remained significant after adjusting for child and family background covariates.
Conclusions:
- Delayed cognitive flexibility development is a significant risk factor for later behavioral problems.
- Interventions aimed at improving cognitive flexibility and providing emotional support may reduce the risk of psychopathology in vulnerable children.
- Early identification of delayed cognitive flexibility is essential for targeted support and prevention efforts.
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