You might also read
Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.
Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
Sarah N Chiang1, Annahita R Fotouhi1, Lynn M Grames2
1From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine.
Buccal myomucosal flaps significantly improve velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) speech outcomes and velar closing. This surgical technique offers an effective treatment for VPD without causing obstructive sleep apnea.
Area of Science:
Background:
Purpose of the Study:
Main Methods:
Main Results:
Conclusions: