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Related Experiment Video

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Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Non-autistic persons modulate their speech rhythm while talking to autistic individuals.

Tatsuya Daikoku1,2,3, Shinichiro Kumagaya4, Satsuki Ayaya4

  • 1Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Plos One
|September 28, 2023
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Summary

Neurotypical (NT) individuals unconsciously adjust their speech rhythms when conversing with autistic (AUT) individuals. Speech rhythm characteristics were weaker in autistic speech and speech directed at autistic individuals, suggesting imitation plays a role in communication dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Neuroscience
  • Speech Communication

Background:

  • Understanding how neurotypical (NT) individuals adapt their speech patterns when communicating with autistic (AUT) individuals is crucial for improving social interactions.
  • Previous research has not fully elucidated the specific phonological characteristics and dynamic interactions modulated during such conversations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the frequency power of prosodic, syllabic, and phonetic rhythms in speech between autistic and neurotypical individuals.
  • To examine the dynamic interactions among these speech rhythms during conversations involving autistic and neurotypical participants.

Main Methods:

  • Acoustic analysis of speech samples from eight autistic adults and eight neurotypical adults interacting with neurotypical questioners.
  • Quantification of frequency power in prosodic, syllabic, and phonetic rhythms.
  • Assessment of dynamic interactions between different phonological rhythm bands.

Main Results:

  • Speech produced by autistic individuals and speech directed at them exhibited significantly weaker prosody and inter-rhythm interactions compared to neurotypical speech and speech directed at neurotypicals.
  • Autistic speech demonstrated weaker dynamic processing from higher to lower phonological bands (e.g., prosody to syllable).
  • A correlation was observed where weaker prosodic frequency power in respondents (both autistic and neurotypical) corresponded to weaker prosodic frequency power in neurotypical questioners, suggesting spontaneous imitation.

Conclusions:

  • Neurotypical individuals appear to spontaneously modulate their speech rhythms, potentially imitating their autistic or neurotypical interlocutors.
  • The findings suggest that the phonological characteristics of a speaker can influence those of their conversational partner, even in interactions involving autistic individuals.