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Related Concept Videos

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

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Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
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Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

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Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
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Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

Lysosomal Hydrolases

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Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
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Maturation of Endosomes01:28

Maturation of Endosomes

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The early endosome containing internalized molecules matures through transformations in its location, morphology, intraluminal pH, and membrane protein composition. Together, these changes result in a more acidic late endosome that contains multiple intraluminal vesicles; therefore, the late endosome is also called a multivesicular body (MVB).
Changes in location
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Lysosomes01:31

Lysosomes

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Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed spherical sacs derived from the Golgi apparatus. The most important function of the lysosome is degrading macromolecules and biological polymers that are released during membrane trafficking events such as the secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The degradation is carried out by several hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen. These acid hydrolases are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling,...
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Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

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Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Live Cell Calcium Imaging Combined with siRNA Mediated Gene Silencing Identifies Ca2+ Leak Channels in the ER Membrane and their Regulatory Mechanisms
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Live Cell Calcium Imaging Combined with siRNA Mediated Gene Silencing Identifies Ca2+ Leak Channels in the ER Membrane and their Regulatory Mechanisms

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Calcium storage in multivesicular endo-lysosome.

Cameron C Scott1,2, Vaibhav Wasnik1,3,4, Paula Nunes-Hassler5,6

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.

Physical Biology
|September 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endo-lysosomes store calcium, crucial for cellular functions. Their internal membrane structure, rich in charged lipids and proteins, provides the significant surface area needed for this calcium storage capacity.

Keywords:
acidic calcium storescalciumendosomesintralumenallysobisphosphatidic acidlysosomesmultivesicular

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Live Cell Calcium Imaging Combined with siRNA Mediated Gene Silencing Identifies Ca2+ Leak Channels in the ER Membrane and their Regulatory Mechanisms
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Endo-lysosomes (late endosomes) are recognized as intracellular calcium stores alongside the endoplasmic reticulum.
  • The mechanisms of calcium storage within endo-lysosomes remain largely uncharacterized, unlike the well-understood role of calcium-binding proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of endo-lysosomal membrane structure in cellular calcium storage.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying calcium binding and storage within endo-lysosomes.

Main Methods:

  • A theoretical approach was employed to model calcium storage capacity based on bilayer calcium binding affinities and endo-lysosome morphology.
  • Experimental validation was performed using Sorting Nexin 3 depletion to alter intralumenal membrane content.

Main Results:

  • The structural organization of endo-lysosomal membranes, particularly their multivesicular ultrastructure and extensive intralumenal membrane surface area, was identified as a key driver of calcium storage.
  • Negatively charged lipids and proteins within the acidic endo-lysosomal environment were confirmed as the primary calcium-binding molecules.

Conclusions:

  • The large surface area provided by intralumenal membranes in endo-lysosomes is essential for their calcium storage capacity.
  • Acidic lipids and proteins within endo-lysosomes function as the main calcium-binding components in mammalian cells.