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Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography
Published on: June 21, 2024
Ultrasound Diagnosis of Malformations of the Fetal Kidneys and Urinary System
Kai-Sven Heling1, Rabih Chaoui1
1Center for Prenatal Diagnostics, Friedrichstraße, Berlin, Germany.
Abstract:
Malformations of the fetal kidneys and urinary system are common and easily visualized and diagnosed on ultrasound. This article presents the typical sonographic findings of these abnormalities during the various stages of pregnancy. Because malformations of the urogenital tract often have an association with genetic diseases/ciliopathies, these are also discussed. To complete the article, we provide a brief overview of the normal anatomy of the kidneys and urinary system. The normal anatomy and malformations of the genitalia will not be discussed in this article due to their complexity.
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