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Association Between Plant-based Diet and Kidney Function in Adults.

Behrooz Moloudpour1, Samira Arbabi Jam2, Mitra Darbandi3

  • 1Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Journal of Renal Nutrition : the Official Journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation
|September 28, 2023
PubMed
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Adhering to a plant-based diet is linked to better kidney function. Higher adherence to plant-based eating patterns significantly reduces the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Keywords:
Chronic kidney diseasePersian cohortPlant-based diet

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Plant-based diets possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
  • Dietary patterns may influence kidney health and the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between adherence to a plant-based diet and the prevalence of CKD.
  • To determine the relationship between the Plant-Based Diet Index (PDI) and kidney function markers.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of 9,746 participants (ages 35-65) from the Ravansar noncommunicable diseases cohort study.
  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m²).
  • Plant-Based Diet Index (PDI) calculated using food frequency questionnaires; multivariable logistic regression used to determine odds ratios (ORs).

Main Results:

  • 10.86% of participants had CKD. Mean eGFR was significantly higher in individuals with higher PDI scores (fourth quartile vs. first quartile).
  • Higher adherence to plant-based diets was associated with a lower prevalence of CKD.
  • After adjusting for confounders, the third and fourth quartiles of PDI showed a 25% and 39% lower odds of CKD, respectively (P trend < .001).

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest that a plant-based diet may play a role in preventing prevalent CKD.
  • Further longitudinal studies, such as cohort designs, are recommended to confirm these associations.
  • Plant-based diets show promise as a preventative strategy for kidney disease.