Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

47
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
47
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

46.1K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
46.1K
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

811
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
811
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

614
Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
614

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Community-level COVID-19 vaccination promotion capacity and its association with vaccination dose per capita in China: an entropy-weighted TOPSIS and multilevel analysis.

BMC public health·2026
Same author

Post-pandemic impact on the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease: consensus statement from the Latin American Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (SLIPE).

Expert review of vaccines·2026
Same author

Neutralizing antibodies as A therapy for hepatitis E virus: Advances, challenges and opportunities.

Antiviral research·2026
Same author

Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Argentine Children After Widespread PCV13 Use: Burden, Potential PCV20 Coverage and Mortality Risk Factors Across Three Years of Surveillance.

The Pediatric infectious disease journal·2026
Same author

Prenatal Diagnosis of Conotruncal Anomalies Before 16 Weeks: Longitudinal Evolution, Genetic Findings and Early Prognostic Markers.

Prenatal diagnosis·2026
Same author

Sampling Schemes in Poliovirus Wastewater Surveillance Studies from European Countries and Their Comparison to Other Studies: A Literature Review.

Microorganisms·2026
Same journal

Accidental hypothermia.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
Same journal

Accidental hypothermia.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
Same journal

Primary aldosteronism.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
Same journal

Primary aldosteronism.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
Same journal

Buruli ulcer in Africa: between innovation and pragmatism.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
Same journal

Author Correction: Atopic dermatitis.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2025

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
10:28

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

9.8K

Hepatitis A virus infection.

Pierre Van Damme1, Rosa M Pintó2, Zongdi Feng3

  • 1Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium. pierre.vandamme@uantwerpen.be.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|September 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis A is a preventable liver infection. Vaccination and improved hygiene are key to reducing global cases and preventing severe outcomes like liver failure.

More Related Videos

Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells
09:02

Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells

Published on: June 5, 2020

7.4K
A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
13:04

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication

Published on: June 26, 2014

24.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2025

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
10:28

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

9.8K
Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells
09:02

Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells

Published on: June 5, 2020

7.4K
A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
13:04

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication

Published on: June 26, 2014

24.2K

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Hepatitis A virus (HAV) causes over 150 million infections annually, leading to acute liver inflammation.
  • While often self-resolving, HAV can cause prolonged illness, relapse, or acute liver failure in a small percentage of cases.
  • Disease severity is influenced by host factors including immune status, age, pregnancy, and pre-existing liver conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and prevention strategies for Hepatitis A.
  • To highlight the role of vaccination and public health measures in controlling HAV transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Hepatitis A epidemiology and clinical outcomes.
  • Analysis of World Health Organization (WHO) vaccination recommendations.
  • Examination of the impact of public health interventions on HAV incidence.

Main Results:

  • Hepatitis A infection is vaccine-preventable, with lifelong immunity conferred by natural infection or vaccination.
  • WHO recommends risk-based vaccination in low endemicity regions and universal childhood vaccination in intermediate endemicity areas.
  • Over 25 countries implementing vaccination programs have seen reduced HAV incidence.

Conclusions:

  • Vaccination and improved hygiene/sanitation are crucial for reducing Hepatitis A transmission and disease burden.
  • Prompt outbreak identification and intervention are essential for effective control.
  • Hepatitis A vaccination programs demonstrate success in lowering infection rates globally.