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Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
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Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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A pure, perfectly crystalline solid possessing no kinetic energy (that is, at a temperature of absolute zero, 0 K) may be described by a single microstate, as its purity, perfect crystallinity,and complete lack of motion means there is but one possible location for each identical atom or molecule comprising the crystal (W = 1). According to the Boltzmann equation, the entropy of this system is zero.
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Superconductivity in high-entropy alloy system containing Th.

Piotr Sobota1,2, Rafał Topolnicki3,4, Tomasz Ossowski3

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This study synthesized a Thorium-containing high entropy alloy, revealing a major body-centered cubic phase and a minor face-centered cubic phase. These findings advance the understanding of novel superconducting materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Physics
  • Superconductivity

Background:

  • High entropy alloys (HEAs) offer unique properties due to their complex compositions.
  • Thorium (Th)-containing alloys are relatively unexplored but hold potential for novel applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel Th-containing superconducting high entropy system.
  • To investigate the structural and physical properties of the (NbTa)2(MoWTh) alloy.
  • To computationally support experimental findings using density functional theory.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of the (NbTa)2(MoWTh) high entropy alloy.
  • Experimental characterization using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
  • Physical property measurements including specific heat, resistivity, and magnetic susceptibility.
  • Numerical simulations using the DFT Korringa-Kohn-Roper method with coherent potential approximation (KKR-CPA).

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of the Th-containing high entropy alloy.
  • Identification of two primary phases: a major body-centered cubic (bcc) structure and a minor face-centered cubic (fcc) structure.
  • Experimental data on structural and physical properties were obtained.
  • Numerical simulations using KKR-CPA corroborated the experimental observations.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized (NbTa)2(MoWTh) system exhibits a dual-phase structure (bcc and fcc).
  • The study provides a foundational understanding of Th-containing superconducting high entropy alloys.
  • Combined experimental and computational approaches are effective for characterizing complex alloy systems.