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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Electron Microscopy01:25

Overview of Electron Microscopy

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The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
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Transmission Electron Microscopy01:15

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In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400...
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Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...
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Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

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A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
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The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
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Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy with Fluorescent Protein Preservation
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Photoemission electron microscopy for connectomics.

Kevin M Boergens, Gregg Wildenberg, Ruiyu Li

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    Photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) offers a novel, fast method for imaging neural circuits at synaptic resolution. This technique complements existing electron microscopy (EM) methods, potentially accelerating connectomics research.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Microscopy
    • Biophysics

    Background:

    • Connectomics, the mapping of neural circuits, relies heavily on serial electron microscopy (EM).
    • Current methods like transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) face limitations in speed and sample handling for large-scale connectome imaging.
    • Achieving synaptic resolution is crucial for understanding neural circuit function.

    Conclusions:

    • PEEM offers a third viable electron microscopy technique for connectomics, combining advantages of TEM and SEM.
    • It enables reliable sample preparation on robust substrates and fast, wide-field imaging.
    • PEEM has the potential to significantly accelerate data acquisition for next-generation neural circuit mapping.