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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

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Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
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Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Liquid electrolyte chemistries for solid electrolyte interphase construction on silicon and lithium-metal anodes.

Sewon Park1, Saehun Kim1, Jeong-A Lee1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea nschoi@kaist.ac.kr.

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Developing advanced lithium batteries requires matching electrolytes and electrodes. This review highlights stress-adaptable interfacial engineering and electrolyte design for high-performance silicon and lithium-metal anodes, improving battery longevity.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Next-generation battery performance hinges on compatible liquid electrolyte and electrode chemistries.
  • Silicon and lithium-metal anodes face challenges like volumetric stress and commercialization hurdles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in sacrificial compound-based interfacial engineering for liquid electrolytes.
  • To explore how regulating lithium-ion solvation structures enhances solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) and battery performance.

Main Methods:

  • Summarizing research on sacrificial compounds for volumetric stress adaptation in electrolytes.
  • Discussing strategies for controlling lithium-ion solvation structures to improve SEI quality and stability.

Main Results:

  • Sacrificial compound-based interfacial engineering has driven liquid electrolyte development for lithium batteries.
  • Regulating solvation structures enhances SEI properties, lithium-ion desolvation, and anode longevity.

Conclusions:

  • Coevolution of electrolytes and electrodes is crucial for advanced battery development.
  • Insights can guide the design of novel electrolyte materials and high-capacity anode materials for industrial applications.