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Anna Højager1, Naja Zenius Jespersen2, Laurits Schou Kromberg3

  • 1Øre, Næse og Halsafdelingen, Nordsjællands Hospital.

Ugeskrift for Laeger
|September 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a severe infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. This case report highlights a rapidly progressing TSS case in a woman, emphasizing the need for prompt diagnosis in unknown septic shock.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rare but severe illness.
  • It is typically caused by toxins from Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes.
  • Prompt recognition and treatment are crucial due to high mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of rapidly developing TSS.
  • To highlight the potential for Streptococcus pyogenes as a causative agent.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering TSS in undiagnosed septic shock.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 36-year-old female patient.
  • Clinical presentation and diagnostic workup.
  • Microbiological identification of Streptococcus pyogenes.

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Main Results:

  • The patient experienced rapid progression of TSS.
  • A Streptococcus pyogenes infection was identified.
  • An oral focus was suspected as the source of infection.

Conclusions:

  • Toxic shock syndrome should be suspected in patients with unexplained septic shock.
  • Streptococcus pyogenes can cause aggressive TSS.
  • Early diagnosis and management are vital for improving patient outcomes.