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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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Muscles of the Anterior Neck01:26

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The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Author Spotlight: Treating Frozen Shoulder with Small Needle Knife Therapy
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Shoulder function after neck dissection with level IIb preservation: a prospective observational study.

Akihiro Sakai1, Takuma Nonaka2, Hiroyuki Furuya3

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan.

Acta Oto-Laryngologica
|September 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Preserving the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) during neck dissection may reduce shoulder dysfunction. This approach also helps maintain patients' quality of life (QOL) in the early recovery period after head and neck cancer treatment.

Keywords:
QOLShoulder syndromelevel IIbneck dissectionspinal accessory nerve

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Quality of Life Research

Background:

  • Shoulder syndrome can be mitigated by preserving the spinal accessory nerve (SAN).
  • The impact of level IIb preservation on reducing SAN injury and shoulder syndrome remains uncertain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate if neck dissection with level IIb preservation reduces shoulder dysfunction.
  • To assess the effect on postoperative quality of life (QOL) in head and neck cancer patients.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational study (2011-2014) of patients undergoing neck dissection.
  • Patients categorized into three groups: level IIb preservation, IIb dissection, and IIb and V dissection.
  • Postoperative shoulder function and QOL were compared across groups.

Main Results:

  • Fewer patients in the level IIb preservation group experienced shoulder dysfunction early post-surgery.
  • Quality of life was better maintained in the early postoperative period for the preservation group.

Conclusions:

  • Neck dissection incorporating level IIb preservation shows promise in alleviating shoulder syndrome.
  • This surgical approach may improve early postoperative quality of life for cancer patients.