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Invasive bacterial disease in young infants in rural Gambia: Population-based surveillance

Yekini A Olatunji1, Adeshola A Banjo1, Alexander Jarde1

  • 1Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara Banjul, The Gambia.

Journal of Global Health
|September 29, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Invasive bacterial diseases (IBD) are common and deadly in young Gambian infants. Prevention strategies, including improved vaccination, are crucial to reduce infant mortality.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Global health
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Invasive bacterial diseases (IBD) contribute significantly to mortality in young infants.
  • Population-based data on IBD in young infants in Sub-Saharan Africa are scarce.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence, etiology, and case-fatality of invasive bacterial diseases (IBD) in young infants in rural Gambia.
  • To provide essential data for developing targeted interventions to reduce infant mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Population-based surveillance of infants aged 0-90 days in rural Gambia from March 2011 to December 2017.
  • Standardized clinical evaluation and microbiological investigation of infants admitted to health facilities.
  • Definition of IBD based on pathogenic bacteria isolated from sterile sites (blood, CSF, lung, pleural fluid).

Main Results:

  • A total of 254 episodes of IBD were detected among 3605 infants.
  • The incidence of IBD was 25 episodes/1000 person-years in infants aged 0-90 days, higher in neonates (50/1000 person-years).
  • Staphylococcus aureus (40%), Escherichia coli (15%), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (9%) were the most common pathogens. Case-fatality was 29% in neonates and 19% in older infants.

Conclusions:

  • Invasive bacterial diseases are prevalent and have high case-fatality rates in young infants in rural Gambia.
  • Urgent need for IBD prevention strategies, including enhanced vaccine implementation and development of new vaccines against common pathogens.
  • Addressing IBD is a priority for reducing high young infant mortality rates in the region.
Abstract

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