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Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are versatile electronic components that can be interconnected in a cascade - one after another in a linear sequence. This cascading is possible due to their infinite input resistance and zero output resistance, allowing them to maintain their input-output relationships even when connected in series.
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Power equalization-based disaggregated optical network using switched gain equalization controlled amplifiers.

Abhishek Anchal, Sumit Chatterjee, Deepak Sanghi

    Optics Letters
    |September 29, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Optical network disaggregation offers cost savings but faces interoperability challenges. A new method using switched gain equalization controlled (SGEC) amplifiers successfully equalizes power between 400G ZR+ and conventional coherent transceivers, enabling seamless integration.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Networking
    • Telecommunications Engineering

    Background:

    • Optical network disaggregation aims to reduce vendor lock-in and costs in high-capacity WDM systems.
    • Integrating 400G ZR+ coherent transceivers (XCVRs) with conventional XCVRs presents interoperability issues due to differing OSNR requirements.
    • Existing power equalization methods using wavelength-selective switches (WSSs) can degrade link OSNR.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate a novel method for equalizing optical power between disaggregated 400G ZR+ and conventional coherent transceivers.
    • To overcome the OSNR limitations and insertion loss penalties associated with traditional power equalization techniques.
    • To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method through a field trial and simulations.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a switched gain equalization controlled (SGEC) amplifier at each in-line amplifier site.
    • Implemented dynamic gain equalization to manage power differences between ZR+ and conventional XCVRs.
    • Conducted a field trial with a 400G-ZR+ QSFP-DD-DCO alien channel over ten high-power coherent host channels from different vendors.
    • Performed simulations to analyze power and OSNR evolution along the optical link.

    Main Results:

    • The SGEC amplifiers successfully equalized channel powers without introducing insertion loss or filter penalty.
    • A field trial demonstrated similar Q-margins for the host channels with and without the 400G-ZR+ alien channel.
    • Simulation results corroborated the field trial findings, confirming effective power and OSNR equalization.

    Conclusions:

    • Switched gain equalization controlled (SGEC) amplifiers provide an effective solution for power equalization in disaggregated optical networks.
    • This approach enables the seamless interoperability of 400G ZR+ transceivers with conventional coherent systems, enhancing network flexibility and cost-efficiency.
    • The SGEC method avoids OSNR degradation, paving the way for more complex and disaggregated optical network architectures.