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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 28, 2026

Culturing of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells on an Ex Vivo Model of Aged Human Bruch's Membrane

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Published on: April 12, 2018

Choroidal Changes in Rhesus Macaques in Aging and Age-Related Drusen.

Yevgeniy Sazhnyev^1,2, Tzu-Ni Sin¹, Anthony Ma^1,2

¹Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

|September 29, 2023

Summary

Aging rhesus macaques show decreased choroidal thickness and vascularity. However, eyes with drusen exhibit thicker choroids and increased vascularity, mimicking changes seen in human age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

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Author Spotlight: Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Author Spotlight: Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Published on: May 26, 2023

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Primate Models
Macular Degeneration Research

Background:

Choroidal vascular changes are associated with normal aging and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Understanding these changes in a nonhuman primate model can provide insights into AMD pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate choroidal thickness (CT) and vascularity (CVI) in aged rhesus macaques.
To investigate the choroid's role in a nonhuman primate model of AMD.

Main Methods:

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images from 244 eyes of 122 rhesus macaques (4-32 years old) were analyzed.
Choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were measured.
Drusen characteristics and their association with CT and CVI were assessed.

Main Results:

Subfoveal CT decreased with age (3.2 µm/year) and CVI decreased (0.66%/year) in macaques.
Eyes with soft drusen showed significantly thicker choroids and higher CVI compared to controls.
Drusen presence, not volume, was linked to choroidal changes; some drusen resembled human pachydrusen.

Conclusions:

Choroidal vascular changes in rhesus macaques mirror human aging patterns.
Drusen in macaques are associated with choroidal thickening and increased vascularity, presenting phenotypes similar to human AMD, including pachydrusen-like changes.