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The equilibrium between a liquid and its vapor depends on the temperature of the system; a rise in temperature causes a corresponding rise in the vapor pressure of its liquid. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation gives the quantitative relation between a substance’s vapor pressure (P) and its temperature (T); it predicts the rate at which vapor pressure increases per unit increase in temperature.
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The vapor pressure of a fluid is a crucial concept in fluid mechanics, influencing phenomena such as boiling and cavitation. Vapor pressure refers to the pressure exerted by a vapor at a state of thermodynamic equilibrium with its corresponding liquid phase at a specific temperature. It represents the tendency of molecules to escape from the fluid surface into the vapor phase.
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Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface
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Evaporation-Induced Temperature Gradient in a Foam Column.

François Boulogne1, Emmanuelle Rio1, Frédéric Restagno1

  • 1Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405 Orsay, France.

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|September 29, 2023
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Summary

Evaporation cools foams, creating a measurable temperature profile. This cooling results from vaporization enthalpy balanced by heat transfer, influenced by foam geometry.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Foam stability is influenced by multiple factors, including rheology, drainage, vibrations, gas composition, and evaporation.
  • Evaporation's impact on foams is typically viewed as liquid loss, but it also induces significant cooling due to vaporization's enthalpy.
  • Understanding foam temperature dynamics is crucial for applications where stability is paramount.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temperature field within a top-evaporating foam column.
  • To theoretically and experimentally explore the interplay between evaporation, cooling, and heat transfer in foams.
  • To determine how foam geometry affects the established temperature profile.

Main Methods:

  • Combined theoretical modeling and experimental measurements.
  • Analyzed the temperature profile in a foam column undergoing evaporation from the top.
  • Investigated heat transfer mechanisms including thermal conduction and radiation.

Main Results:

  • A measurable temperature profile was observed, with foam interfaces being a few degrees cooler than the environment.
  • The temperature profile results from a balance between evaporative cooling (enthalpy of vaporization) and heat fluxes (conduction and radiation).
  • The spatial extent of the temperature gradient depends on foam geometry: it spans foam thickness for thin foams and tube radius for large aspect ratios.

Conclusions:

  • Evaporative cooling significantly impacts foam temperature profiles.
  • Heat transfer mechanisms, including conduction and radiation, play a critical role in modulating the cooling effect.
  • Foam geometry is a key determinant of the temperature gradient's characteristic length scale.