Beyond antithrombotics: recent advances in pharmacological risk factor management for secondary stroke prevention

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Neurology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Ischaemic stroke patients have high risks of recurrence and cardiovascular events due to comorbidities.
• Managing modifiable risk factors such as dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension is crucial for secondary stroke prevention.
• Antithrombotic therapy is standard, but comprehensive risk factor management is vital for reducing mortality and morbidity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review contemporary advances in pharmacological treatments for secondary stroke prevention.
• To explore future perspectives in managing cardiovascular risk beyond antithrombotic therapy.
• To highlight the impact of risk factor modification on major cardiovascular events.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of recent literature on pharmacological agents for secondary cardiovascular prevention.
• Analysis of evidence regarding risk factor assessment and treatment in ischaemic stroke patients.
• Evaluation of innovations in treatment adherence, persistence, and lifestyle modifications.

Main Results:

• Significant advancements in pharmacological agents enhance secondary cardiovascular prevention.
• Integrated approaches combining medication, adherence interventions, and lifestyle changes show potential for burden reduction.
• Early recognition and treatment of risk factors demonstrably impact future cardiovascular event risk.

Conclusions:

• Pharmacological advancements and comprehensive management strategies are key to improving outcomes for ischaemic stroke survivors.
• Future research should focus on optimizing treatment strategies beyond antithrombotics.
• Multifaceted interventions are essential for mitigating the long-term cardiovascular risks in this patient population.