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How does participatory research work: protocol for a realist synthesis.

Loubna Belaid1,2, Ivàn Sarmiento2,3, Anna Dion4

  • 1Direction de la recherche et de l'enseignement, École Nationale d'Administration Publique (ÉNAP), Quebec, Quebec, Canada loubna.belaid@enap.ca.

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Summary

This realist review examines how participatory research partnerships influence health and social outcomes. It aims to clarify the mechanisms and contexts that drive these impacts for better health intervention design.

Keywords:
PUBLIC HEALTHPatient ParticipationSystematic Review

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health and Health Services Research
  • Community-Based Participatory Research
  • Health Intervention Design and Evaluation

Background:

  • Participatory research emphasizes partnerships in research, governance, and ownership, gaining traction in health intervention design.
  • Despite increased use, participatory research remains undertheorized, with unclear mechanisms for improving health outcomes.
  • Understanding the 'how' and 'under what circumstances' of its impact is crucial for effective health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a realist review to understand the impact of participatory research on health and social outcomes.
  • To identify the mechanisms through which participatory research influences outcomes.
  • To explore the contextual factors that moderate the relationship between participatory research and its outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A realist review following the RAMESES II guidelines for realist evaluations.
  • Systematic search, quality assessment, data extraction, and synthesis using context-mechanism-outcome configurations.
  • Retroductive analysis combining empirical data and theory to identify mechanisms and explain outcome-context matches.

Main Results:

  • The review will synthesize evidence to generate middle-range theories on participatory research effectiveness.
  • Identification of specific mechanisms and contextual factors that explain how and for whom participatory research works.
  • Development of a nuanced understanding of the conditions under which participatory research leads to desired health and social outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • This review will provide theoretical insights into the functioning of participatory research in health.
  • Findings will inform the design and implementation of more effective, contextually relevant health interventions.
  • The study aims to clarify the complex pathways through which participatory approaches contribute to improved health and social equity.