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Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
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Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus

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Pulmonary phenotypes of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the preterm infant

Margaret Gilfillan1, Vineet Bhandari2

  • 1Division of Neonatology, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children/Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Seminars in Perinatology
|September 29, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common complication of premature birth. This review details BPD phenotypes, pathogenesis, and management, highlighting limitations in current diagnostic criteria for lung injury.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most frequent complication of preterm birth, causing lifelong health issues.
  • Current treatments for BPD are largely non-specific and have limited efficacy.
  • Existing BPD definitions rely on respiratory support, lacking detail on specific lung compartment involvement.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on BPD.
  • It outlines distinct pulmonary phenotypes of BPD.
  • It discusses pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and management strategies for overlapping BPD scenarios.

Key Points:

  • BPD phenotypes represent different patterns of lung injury and repair.
  • Understanding these phenotypes is crucial for targeted management.
  • Current diagnostic criteria for BPD do not fully capture lung-specific pathology.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into BPD phenotypes can refine diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
  • Personalized management strategies based on BPD phenotypes are needed.
  • Advances in understanding lung injury mechanisms are essential for improving BPD outcomes.

Keywords:
Chronic lung diseaseHyperoxiaLung injuryPremature lungVentilation

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