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Melt Processing Virus-Like Particle-Based Vaccine Candidates into Biodegradable Polymer Implants.

Armando A Puente1, Oscar A Ortega-Rivera2,3, David M Wirth2

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|September 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Melt processing enables stable, single-dose vaccines. Researchers developed a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine using bacteriophage Qβ virus-like particles (VLPs) and hot-melt extrusion (HME).

Keywords:
Bacteriophage QβHuman papillomavirus (HPV)L2 capsid proteinMelt processingPolymer implantsSingle-dose vaccinesSustained releaseVaccinesVirus-like particles (VLP)

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Melt processing offers a promising route for creating stable, single-dose vaccine delivery systems outside the cold chain.
  • Hot-melt extrusion (HME) is a scalable, solvent-free technique suitable for encapsulating therapeutic proteins like virus-like particles (VLPs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a single-dose vaccine candidate against human papillomavirus (HPV) using melt processing.
  • To demonstrate the compatibility of bacteriophage Qβ VLPs with HME for vaccine formulation.

Main Methods:

  • Chemically conjugating an HPV L2 peptide epitope to Qβ VLPs to create HPV-Qβ particles.
  • Encapsulating HPV-Qβ particles into biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) implants via HME.
  • Characterizing the HPV-Qβ particles and the resulting HPV-Qβ/PLGA polymer melts.

Main Results:

  • Successful conjugation of HPV peptide epitopes to Qβ VLPs.
  • Demonstrated feasibility of encapsulating HPV-Qβ particles into PLGA using HME.
  • Characterized the material properties of the melt-processed vaccine formulations.

Conclusions:

  • Melt processing, specifically HME, is a viable method for producing stable, single-dose HPV vaccines.
  • The described methodology can be adapted for other VLP-based vaccines and delivery devices.
  • HME allows for the fabrication of various dosage forms, including implants and microneedle patches.