Serum HMGB1 is a biomarker for acute myocardial infarction with or without heart failure
Abdul Wahid1, Juan Wen1, Qiong Yang1
1Department of Cardiology of the Third Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Insights
Serum high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is elevated in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and heart failure (HF) patients. HMGB1 correlates with inflammatory and cardiac biomarkers, particularly in AMI with HF, highlighting its role in cardiovascular disease.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Biochemistry
- Inflammation Research
Background:
- High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is implicated in inflammatory processes.
- The role of HMGB1 in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and heart failure (HF) and its correlation with cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To measure serum HMGB1 levels in patients with AMI and/or HF.
- To evaluate the relationship between HMGB1 and peripheral inflammatory and cardiac biomarkers in these patient groups.
- To explore correlations between HMGB1 and cardiovascular risk factors.
Main Methods:
- Serum HMGB1 levels were measured in 55 patients with AMI without HF, 42 with AMI and HF, 60 with HF without AMI, and 50 healthy controls.
- Inflammatory biomarkers (ESR, hs-CRP, uric acid, WBC) and cardiac biomarkers (MYO, cTnI, CKMB, CK, NT-proBNP, LDH, AST, ALT) were assessed.
- Statistical analyses were performed to determine correlations between HMGB1, biomarkers, and risk factors.
Main Results:
- Serum HMGB1 levels were significantly elevated in all patient groups compared to controls, most notably in AMI with HF.
- HMGB1 showed significant positive correlations with most inflammatory biomarkers (except uric acid) in AMI patients.
- Cardiac biomarkers were generally elevated in AMI patients. HMGB1 correlated significantly with NT-proBNP and cTnI in all patients, and with most cardiac biomarkers in AMI groups.
- Hypertension, diabetes, prior heart disease, and reduced ejection fraction correlated with HMGB1 levels.
Conclusions:
- Serum HMGB1 is a potential biomarker for AMI and HF, reflecting disease severity and inflammatory status.
- HMGB1 levels correlate with key inflammatory and cardiac injury markers, suggesting its involvement in the pathophysiology of these conditions.
- HMGB1 may serve as a valuable indicator in assessing cardiovascular risk and disease progression.
Abstract:
This study measured serum high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and/or heart failure (HF) and evaluated their relationship with peripheral inflammatory biomarkers and cardiac biomarkers, which have not been reported before. Of the patients, 55 had AMI without HF (AMI-HF ), 42 had AMI with HF (AMI+HF ), and 60 had HF without AMI (HF-AMI ) compared with 50 healthy controls. Blood samples were collected to assess serum HMGB1 levels and blood test-related inflammatory biomarkers (e.g., erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], hs-CRP, uric acid, and white blood cell count) and cardiac biomarkers (e.g., MYO, cTnI, CKMB, CK, NT-proBNP, LDH, aspartate aminotransferase [AST], and alanine aminotransferase [ALT]). Compared to healthy controls, three groups of patients, especially those with AMI+HF , had significantly higher levels of serum HMGB1. All tested inflammatory biomarkers (except uric acid) were significantly positively correlated with HMGB1 in patients with AMI patients but not in patients with non-AMI. In addition, all tested cardiac biomarkers (except NT-proBNP in AMI-HF ) were significantly higher in patients with AMI than in control individuals. The levels of MYO, cTnI, CKMB, CK, AST, and ALT were not significantly changed in patients with HF-AMI compared to control individuals, but were still much lower than those in patients with AMI (except ALT). In all patients, the levels of NT-proBNP, and cTnI were significantly correlated with HMGB1 levels. Except for MYO, LDH, AST, and ALT, all cardiac biomarkers in AMI-HF and AMI+HF showed a significant correlation with HMGB1. Among risk factors, hypertension, diabetes, previous heart disease, and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction showed a significant correlation with HMGB1 in all disease groups.
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