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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Identification of Coding and Non-coding RNA Classes Expressed in Swine Whole Blood
09:40

Identification of Coding and Non-coding RNA Classes Expressed in Swine Whole Blood

Published on: November 28, 2018

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Allele-specific regulatory effects on the pig transcriptome.

Yu Lin1, Jing Li1,2, Li Chen3,4

  • 1Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.

Gigascience
|September 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study characterized allele-specific expression (ASE) in pigs, revealing new imprinted transcripts and identifying trans-regulation as a key driver of breed-specific expression differences and adaptive plasticity.

Keywords:
cis- and trans-regulatory effectsallele-specific expressionimprintingpig breeding

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Animal Science

Background:

  • Allele-specific expression (ASE) influences adaptive phenotypic plasticity.
  • Investigated imprinting and sequence-dependent ASE in pigs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Characterize ASE classes in hybrid pigs from European Berkshire and Asian Tibetan breeds.
  • Examine transcript types (PCGs, lncRNAs, unknown) across somatic tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a reciprocal cross-model between divergent pig breeds.
  • Analyzed transcriptomes from hybrid pigs and purebreds.
  • Examined 3 transcript types across 7 somatic tissues.

Main Results:

  • Identified 92 putative imprinted transcripts, with 69 novel findings.
  • Found ~6.59% of PCGs differentially expressed between breeds via trans-regulation.
  • ~1.35% of PCGs showed cis-regulation, linked to promoter variants.

Conclusions:

  • Trans-regulation significantly drives expression differences and adaptive plasticity between pig breeds.
  • Discovered novel imprinted transcripts and cis-regulatory mechanisms.
  • Provides a comprehensive map of expression regulation for pig breed improvement.